Imagine you just came back home after a hectic day and want to relax while scrolling through the notifications. But as soon as you start scrolling, you notice your phone’s out of battery. Now, to charge your phone, you look for the power outlet, only to find out it’s located on the other end of the room.
Mood ruined, right?
So, to overcome this problem, you start searching for an extension cord from the nearest store.
But wait, how do you select the right one with so many features available in the market today? Don’t worry. We’ve got you covered, as one of the essential factors to look for in an extension cord is the gauge of the wire.
The gauge refers to the thickness of the wire inside the cord. This thickness determines how much electrical load a wire can carry, and many individuals tend to forget the importance of it.
Therefore, let us look at the importance of extension cord gauges in detail so that your devices are safe from electrical hazards.
What is Wire Gauge?
A wire gauge is defined as the diameter of a wire. AWG (American Wire Guage) standard is used to measure the thickness of a wire. In this system, the higher the standard number, the thinner the wire is, and vice-versa. For example, a 10-gauge wire is thicker than a 15-gauge wire.
The gauge of an extension cord determines its resistance and capability to carry electrical current. For instance, a smaller gauge (larger size) wire can safely conduct more electricity than a larger gauge (smaller size) wire.
Why Does A Wire Gauge Matter
The wire gauge can help you in various ways, some of which are listed below.
1. Preventing Overheating and Fire Hazards
One of the primary reasons for selecting the correct wire gauge is to prevent it from overheating. If an extension cord with a higher gauge is used to power a highly demanding appliance, the wire inside will overheat, leading to electrical fire hazards.
It is advised that you select the right extension cord in accordance with your appliances to prevent overheating.
2. Ensuring Device Performance
Choosing the correct wire gauge is vital to guarantee that your devices receive the appropriate current and prevent overheating. If you use a gauge that is too thin, the resistance in the wire can cause a voltage drop. This implies the device attached on the other end may not receive adequate voltage to operate, leading to underperformance or even damaged devices.
Since high-voltage devices require a stable voltage, it is vital to use an electric cord with appropriate AWG to provide constant voltage without any fluctuation so tour device can work optimally and smoothly.
3. Length of the Extension Cord
The length of the extension cord also plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate wire gauge. If the length of the extension cord is too long and the wire gauge is too high (thin wire), the resistance inside the wire will increase, thus leading to a voltage drop.
For example, a 100-foot extension cord requires a low wire gauge (thick wire) compared to a 25-foot 10/3 extension cord. Since the longer the cable, the higher the resistance, a thicker wire is required to ensure correct current flow and minimize voltage drop.
Matching the Gauge to the Load
Make sure to match the wire gauge of the extension cord with the electrical load it will carry. If you’re wondering how to measure the electrical load of an extension cord, the answer lies in amperes (amps). Every extension cord is labeled with their ampere rating which determines their electrical load.
Moreover, the extension cords available today are labeled with their maximum amp capacity. So, make sure to match it to the requirements of your device.
Some examples of how to match the gauge depending on the appliance are mentioned below.
- Small appliances and gadgets that need up to 10 amps can be powered using a light-duty extension cord (16 gauge).
- Devices drawing up to 15 amps can be connected to a 14-gauge, medium-duty extension cord.
- High-wattage appliances and equipment that need up to 20 amps or more are intended for use with heavy-duty extension cord or bulk wires (12 gauge or less).
Practical Tips for Safe Extension Cord Use
- Do not overload your extension cords or let them stay in contact with moisture on the ground. On the other hand, some extension cords have waterproof features and can work in a moist environment.
- Make sure you don’t daisy chain your extension cord. Daisy chaining means connecting numerous extension cords together. To prevent daisy chaining, you can use a power strip to prevent the cord from overloading.
- Install multiple outlets or power switches in your home so that you don’t go through the trouble of relocating your devices on a regular basis. A flat extension cord can be ideal since it’s flat and doesn’t take up much space.
- Always match the amp rating with the wire. Never match a cord with a lower rating to a high-voltage demanding appliance.
- Buy extension cords that have good reviews and are tested by certified laboratories to prevent any future malfunction or hazard.
Real-World Applications
Extension cords are widely used throughout the world, and some of their uses are mentioned below.
Home Use
Extension cables are frequently used in a standard home to power small kitchen appliances, chargers, and lamps. Light-duty (16-gauge) cables are usually sufficient. However, for high-power devices like air conditioners, space heaters, or power tools, a heavy-duty cord (12-gauge) can be ideal, such as a right angle power strip.
Outdoor Use
Longer extension cables are needed for outdoor applications like Christmas lights or gardening tools. To manage the higher resistance over longer distances in these situations, it is essential to use a smaller gauge (thicker wire) cable.
The Trick Is In Choosing Wisely
It is imperative to understand the importance of extension cord gauges and their safe use. If you adhere to the given pointer above and operate with the extension cord cautiously, you can stay safe and away from any electrical hazards.
Additionally, if you ever face any type of electrical hazard or electrical mishap, contact a professional. This way, you’ll not only safeguard your appliance but yourself, too.